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Book Information

Series:

Mathematics for the International Student (IB Diploma)

Title:

Mathematics HL CORE (2nd edition)

Price:

Australia: AU$68.20 (inc. GST)
Overseas: AU$62.00 (ex. GST)

Authors:

Paul Urban
David Martin
Robert Haese
Sandra Haese
Michael Haese
Mark Humphries

Year Published:

2008

ISBN-13:

978-1-876543-11-2

Extent:

936 pages

Availability:

Available now

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Sample chapters for download

1. Functions
5. Graphing and transforming functions
8. Counting and binomial expansion
12. Advanced trigonometry
30. Miscellaneous questions

NB: Sample chapters do not have working links.

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About the book

Mathematics for the International Student: Mathematics HL has been written to reflect the syllabus for the two-year IB Diploma Mathematics HL course. It is not our intention to define the course. Teachers are encouraged to use other resources. We have developed the book independently of the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO) in consultation with many experienced teachers of IB Mathematics. The text is not endorsed by the IBO.

This second edition builds on the strengths of the first edition. Many excellent suggestions were received from teachers around the world and these are reflected in the changes. In some cases sections have been consolidated to allow for greater efficiency. Changes have also been made in response to the introduction of a calculator-free examination paper. A large number of questions, including some to challenge even the best students, have been added. In particular, the final chapter contains over 200 miscellaneous questions, some of which require the use of a graphics calculator. These questions have been included to provide more difficult challenges for students and to give them experience at working with problems that may or may not require the use of a graphics calculator.

The combination of textbook and interactive Student CD will foster the mathematical development of students in a stimulating way. Frequent use of the interactive features on the CD is certain to nurture a much deeper understanding and appreciation of mathematical concepts.

The book contains many problems from the basic to the advanced, to cater for a wide range of student abilities and interests. While some of the exercises are simply designed to build skills, every effort has been made to contextualise problems, so that students can see everyday uses and practical applications of the mathematics they are studying, and appreciate the universality of mathematics.

Emphasis is placed on the gradual development of concepts with appropriate worked examples, but we have also provided extension material for those who wish to go beyond the scope of the syllabus. Some proofs have been included for completeness and interest although they will not be examined.

For students who may not have a good understanding of the necessary background knowledge for this course, we have provided printable pages of information, examples, exercises and answers on the Student CD. To access these pages, simply click on the ‘Background knowledge’ icons when running the CD.

It is not our intention that each chapter be worked through in full. Time constraints will not allow for this. Teachers must select exercises carefully, according to the abilities and prior knowledge of their students, to make the most efficient use of time and give as thorough coverage of work as possible.

Investigations throughout the book will add to the discovery aspect of the course and enhance student understanding and learning. Many Investigations could be developed into portfolio assignments. Teachers should follow the guidelines for portfolio assignments to ensure they set acceptable portfolio pieces for their students that meet the requirement criteria for the portfolios. Review sets appear at the end of each chapter and a suggested order for teaching the two-year course is given at the end of this Foreword.

The extensive use of graphics calculators and computer packages throughout the book enables students to realise the importance, application and appropriate use of technology. No single aspect of technology has been favoured. It is as important that students work with a pen and paper as it is that they use their calculator or graphics calculator, or use a spreadsheet or graphing package on computer.

The interactive features of the CD allow immediate access to our own specially designed geometry packages, graphing packages and more. Teachers are provided with a quick and easy way to demonstrate concepts, and students can discover for themselves and re-visit when necessary.

Instructions appropriate to each graphic calculator problem are on the CD and can be printed for students. These instructions are written for Texas Instruments and Casio calculators.

In this changing world of mathematics education, we believe that the contextual approach shown in this book, with the associated use of technology, will enhance the students’ understanding, knowledge and appreciation of mathematics, and its universal application.

Using the interactive student CD

IB HL CORE CD INTERACTIVE LINK Calculator icons

The interactive CD is ideal for independent study. Frequent use will nurture a deeper understanding of Mathematics. Students can revisit concepts taught in class and undertake their own revision and practice. The CD also has the text of the book, allowing students to leave the textbook at school and keep the CD at home.

The icon denotes an Interactive Link on the CD. Simply ‘click’ the icon to access a range of interactive features:

For a complete list of all the active links on the Mathematics HL CORE second edition CD, click here.

For those who want to make sure they have the prerequisite levels of understanding for this course, printable pages of background informations, examples, exercises and answers and provided on the CD. Click the ‘Background knowledge’ icon on pages 12 and 248.

Graphics calculators: Instructions for using graphics calculators are also given on the CD and can be printed. Instructions are given for Texas Instruments and Casio calculators. Click on the relevant icon (TI or C) to access the instructions for the other type of calculator.

Note on accuracy

Students are reminded that in assessment tasks, including examination papers, unless otherwise stated in the question, all numerical answers must be given exactly or to three significant figures.

HL and SL combined classes

Click Use in combined SL & HL classes for guidance in using this textbook in HL and SL combined classes, or email ray@haeseandharris.com.au.

HL Options

This is a companion to the Mathematics HL (Core) textbook. It offers coverage of each of the following options:

In addition, coverage of the Geometry option for students undertaking the IB Diploma course Further Mathematics is presented on the CD that accompanies the HL Options book.

Supplementary books

A separated book of WORKED SOLUTIONS give the fully worked solutions for every question (discussions, investigations and projects excepted) in each chapter of the Mathematics HL (Core) textbook. The HL (CORE) EXAMINATION PREPARATION & PRACTICE GUIDE offers additional questions and practice exams to help students prepare for the Mathematics HL examination. For more information email info@haeseandharris.com.au.

Table of contents

    Symbols and notation used in this book 10
       
  Background knowledge 12
  A Surds and radicals CD
  B Scientific notation (Standard form) CD
  C Number systems and set notation CD
  D Algebraic simplification CD
  E Linear equations and inequalities CD
  F Modulus or absolute value CD
  G Product expansion CD
  H Factorisation CD
  I Formula rearrangement CD
  J Adding and subtracting algebraic fractions CD
  K Congruence and similarity CD
  L Coordinate geometry CD
    ANSWERS CD
       
1 Functions 17
  A Relations and functions 18
  B Function notation, domain and range 21
  C Composite functions, f o g 27
  D Sign diagrams 28
  E Inequalities (inequations) 32
  F The modulus function 35
  G The reciprocal function x → 1/x 41
  H Asymptotes of other rational functions 42
  I Inverse functions 44
  J Functions which have inverses 46
    Review set 1A 49
    Review set 1B 50
    Review set 1C 51
       
2 Sequences and series 53
  A Number patterns 54
  B Sequences of numbers 54
  C Arithmetic sequences 56
  D Geometric sequences 59
  E Series 65
  F Miscellaneous problems 72
    Review set 2A 74
    Review set 2B 75
    Review set 2C 76
       
3 Exponentials 77
  A Index notation 78
  B Evaluating powers 79
  C Index laws 80
  D Algebraic expansion and factorisation 84
  E Exponential equations 87
  F Graphs of exponential functions 88
  G Growth and decay 91
  H The natural exponential ‘e 95
    Review set 3A 98
    Review set 3B 99
    Review set 3C 99
       
4 Logarithms 101
  A Logarithms 102
  B Logarithms in base 10 104
  C Laws of logarithms 106
  D Natural logarithms 110
  E Exponential equations using logarithms 112
  F The change of base rule 114
  G Graphs of logarithmic functions 115
  H Growth and decay 120
    Review set 4A 122
    Review set 4B 123
    Review set 4C 123
    Review set 4D 124
       
5 Graphing and transforming functions 125
  A Families of functions 126
  B Transformations of graphs 128
  C Simple rational functions 133
  D Further graphical transformations 137
    Review set 5A 140
    Review set 5B 141
       
6 Quadratic equations and functions 143
  A Solving quadratic equations (Review) 145
  B The discriminant of a quadratic 149
  C The sum and product of the roots 152
  D Graphing quadratic functions 153
  E Finding a quadratic from its graph 161
  F Where functions meet 165
  G Problem solving with quadratics 167
  H Quadratic optimisation 170
    Review set 6A 173
    Review set 6B 174
    Review set 6C 175
    Review set 6D 175
    Review set 6E 176
       
7 Complex numbers and polynomials 177
  A Solutions of real quadratics with Δ < 0 178
  B Complex numbers 180
  C Real polynomials 188
  D Roots, zeros and factors 193
  E Graphing polynomials 201
  F Theorems for real polynomials 208
    Review set 7A 210
    Review set 7B 211
    Review set 7C 212
       
8 Counting and the binomial expansion 213
  A The product principle 214
  B Counting paths 216
  C Factorial notation 217
  D Permutations 219
  E Combinations 223
  F Binomial expansions 226
  G The general binomial expansion 229
    Review set 8A 231
    Review set 8B 232
       
9 Mathematical induction 233
  A The process of induction 234
  B The principle of mathematical induction 236
  C Indirect proof (extension) 244
    Review set 9A 245
    Review set 9B 245
    Review set 9C 246
       
10 The unit circle and radian measure 247
    Background knowledge – Trigonometry with right angled triangles CD
  A Radian measure 248
  B Arc length and sector area 250
  C The unit circle and the basic trigonometric ratios 253
  D Areas of triangles 263
    Review set 10A 266
    Review set 10B 267
    Review set 10C 268
       
11 Non-right angled triangle trigonometry 269
  A The cosine rule 270
  B The sine rule 272
  C Using the sine and cosine rules 277
    Review set 11A 280
    Review set 11B 281
       
12 Advanced trigonometry 283
  A Observing periodic behaviour 285
  B The sine function 288
  C Modelling using sine functions 293
  D The cosine function 296
  E The tangent function 297
  F Trigonometric equations 299
  G Using trigonometric models 305
  H Reciprocal trigonometric functions 307
  I Trigonometric relationships 309
  J Compound angle formulae 310
  K Double angle formulae 314
  L Trigonometric equations in quadratic form 318
  M Trigonometric series and products 318
    Review set 12A 319
    Review set 12B 320
    Review set 12C 321
    Review set 12D 322
       
13 Matrices 323
  A Matrix structure 324
  B Matrix operations and definitions 326
  C The inverse of a 2 × 2 matrix 342
  D 3 × 3 and larger matrices 348
  E Solving systems of linear equations 350
  F Solving systems using row operations 354
  G Induction with matrices 364
    Review set 13A 366
    Review set 13B 367
    Review set 13C 368
    Review set 13D 369
    Review set 13E 370
       
14 Vectors in 2 and 3 dimensions 371
  A Vectors 372
  B Operations with vectors 375
  C 2-D vectors in component form 383
  D 3-D coordinate geometry 388
  E 3-D vectors in component form 390
  F Algebraic operations with vectors 393
  G Parallelism 398
  H Unit vectors 400
  I The scalar product of two vectors 402
  J The vector product of two vectors 407
    Review set 14A 416
    Review set 14B 417
    Review set 14C 418
    Review set 14D 419
    Review set 14E 420
       
15 Complex numbers 421
  A Complex numbers as 2-D vectors 422
  B Modulus, argument, polar form 425
  C De Moivre's Theorem 438
  D Roots of complex numbers 441
  E Further complex number problems 445
    Review set 15A 445
    Review set 15B 446
    Review set 15C 447
       
16 Lines and planes in space 449
  A Lines in 2-D and 3-D 451
  B Applications of a line in a plane 456
  C Relationship between lines 461
  D Planes and distances 466
  E Angles in space 471
  F The intersection of two or more planes 473
    Review set 16A 477
    Review set 16B 478
    Review set 16C 479
    Review set 16D 481
       
17 Descriptive statistics 483
  A Continuous numerical data and histograms 485
  B Measuring the centre of data 489
  C Cumulative data 500
  D Measuring the spread of data 502
  E Statistics using technology 510
  F Variance and standard deviation 512
  G The significance of standard deviation 518
    Review set 17A 520
    Review set 17B 522
       
18 Probability 525
  A Experimental probability 528
  B Sample space 532
  C Theoretical probability 533
  D Compound events 537
  E Using tree diagrams 541
  F Sampling with and without replacement 543
  G Binomial probabilities 546
  H Sets and Venn diagrams 549
  I Laws of probability 554
  J Independent events 558
  K Probabilities using permutations and combinations 560
  L Bayes’ theorem 562
    Review set 18A 564
    Review set 18B 565
    Review set 18C 566
    Review set 18D 568
       
19 Introduction to calculus 569
  A Limits 570
  B Finding asymptotes using limits 574
  C Trigonometric limits 577
  D Calculation of areas under curves 579
    Review set 19 586
       
20 Differential calculus 589
  A The derivative function 592
  B Derivatives at a given x-value 595
  C Simple rules of differentiation 600
  D The chain rule 604
  E Product and quotient rules 607
  F Tangents and normals 611
  G Higher derivatives 616
    Review set 20A 618
    Review set 20B 619
    Review set 20C 620
       
21 Applications of differential calculus 621
  A Time rate of change 622
  B General rates of change 623
  C Motion in a straight line 627
  D Some curve properties 634
  E Rational functions 642
  F Inflections and shape 647
  G Optimisation 652
  H Implicit differentiation 661
    Review set 21A 664
    Review set 21B 665
    Review set 21C 666
       
22 Derivatives of exponential and logarithmic functions 667
  A Exponential e 668
  B Natural logarithms 673
  C Derivatives of logarithmic functions 677
  D Applications 679
  E Some special exponential functions 683
    Review set 22A 684
    Review set 22B 685
       
23 Derivatives of circular functions and related rates 687
  A Derivatives of circular functions 688
  B The derivatives of reciprocal circular functions 693
  C The derivatives of inverse circular functions 694
  D Maxima and minima with trigonometry 697
  E Related rates 699
    Review set 23A 704
    Review set 23B 705
       
24 Integration 707
  A Antidifferentiation 708
  B The fundamental theorem of calculus 710
  C Integration 715
  D Integrating eax+b and (ax + b)n 720
  E Integrating f(u)u′(x) by substitution 722
  F Integrating circular functions 724
  G Definite integrals 730
    Review set 24A 734
    Review set 24B 735
    Review set 24C 736
       
25 Applications of integration 737
  A Finding areas between curves 738
  B Motion problems 744
  C Problem solving by integration 748
    Review set 25A 752
    Review set 25B 753
    Review set 25C 755
       
26 Volumes of revolution 757
  A Solids of revolution 758
  B Volumes for two defining functions 762
    Review set 26 765
       
27 Further integration and differential equations 767
  A The integrals of 1/√(a2 - x2) and 1/(x2 + a2) 768
  B Further integration by substitution 769
  C Integration by parts 771
  D Miscellaneous integration 773
  E Separable differential equations 774
    Review set 27A 783
    Review set 27B 784
       
28 Statistical distributions of discrete random variables 785
  A Discrete random variables 786
  B Discrete probability distributions 788
  C Expectation 791
  D The measures of a discrete random variable 794
  E The binomial distribution 801
  F The Poisson distribution 807
    Review set 28A 810
    Review set 28B 812
       
29 Statistical distributions of continuous random variables 813
  A Continuous probability density functions 814
  B Normal distributions 817
  C The standard normal distribution (Z-distribution) 821
  D Applications of the normal distribution 828
    Review set 29A 830
    Review set 29B 831
       
30 Miscellaneous questions 833
       
  ANSWERS 857
       
  INDEX 933